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5. Manna issue 59 - Q & A 問答集


What characteristics does God have? 神具有什麼特質?


God exists absolutely. 神絕對存在。


All things are limited by basic needs for existence and survival 
that they cannot provide for themselves, 
but God is not bound by such needs. 
As the creator of all things, He must exist. 
Because there is no difference between what He is and that He is, 
He exists absolutely. 
Thus, God said, “I AM WHO I AM” 
(Ex 3:14).

一切的事物都受限於存在和生存的基本需求,
因為他們無法養活自己,
但神不受限於這種需要。
作為萬物的創造者,祂必定存在。
因為在祂是什麼存在,以及祂是存在的之間並沒有差別,
祂絕對存在的。
因此,神說:
“我是自有永有的”
(出 3:14)


God is limitless. 神是無限的


The universe includes space, time, and all things. 
As the creator of the universe, God must exist before and beyond it. 
Therefore, He exists outside of space and time and is unlimited 
(Isa 40:28).

宇宙包括空間,時間,萬物。
作為宇宙的造物主,神必定存在於宇宙之前,並超越了宇宙。
因此,祂存在於空間和時間之外,且是無限的
(以賽亞書 40:28)


God is one. 神是唯一


God has sovereign power; hence, there cannot be more than one God 
(Deut 32:39).

神有至高無上的權力;因此,不可能有多位神祇
(申 32:39)


God is spirit 
(Jn 4:24).

神是靈
(約 4:24)


All matter is subject to change. 
God is constant and therefore immaterial.

一切事物都有可能改變。
神是永恆的,因此不是物質的。


God is transcendent and immanent: 
He is “above all, and through all, and in all” 
(Eph 4:6).

神是超越的,內在的:
祂是“6超乎眾人之上,貫乎眾人之中,也住在眾人之內。”
(弗 4:6)。


God exists independently from His creation, the universe. 
Yet, God sustains all creation; all life exists because of Him. 
Thus, God is omnipresent, filling heaven and earth, 
and dwelling among us 
(Jer 23:23, 24; 2 Cor 6:16).

神獨立於祂的創造—這個宇宙而存在。
然而,神支撐著一切的創造;一切生命因祂而存活。
因此,神是無所不在的,充滿天和地,
住在我們中間
(耶 23:23,24;林後 6:16)


God is wise. 神是智慧的。


God reveals His wisdom in His creation. 
As Creator, God has complete knowledge of all things 
(Ps 147:5).

神在祂的創造中展現了祂的智慧。
身為創造物主,神完全了解萬事萬物
(詩篇 147:5)


God is good.
As giver and sustainer of life, God is infinitely good 
(Ps 145:7-9). 
Being wholly good, He cannot tolerate evil; He is holy 
(Lev 11:44), 
just 
(Isa 45:21), 
and true 
(Jn 17:17). 
He is also loving 
(1 Jn 4:8) 
and merciful 
(Ex 34:6). 
His perfect goodness is manifested in Jesus Christ, 
through whom He fulfills His requirement for justice and demonstrates His boundless love.

神是美善的。
作為生命的賜予者與維持者,神是無限的善良
(詩篇 145:7-9)
全然善良,所以祂不能容忍邪惡;他是聖潔的
(利 11:44)
公義
(賽 45:21)
並且真實
(約 17:17)
他有慈愛
(約壹 4:8)
和有憐憫
(出 34:6)
祂完全的良善在耶穌基督的身上彰顯出來,
透過了祂,祂滿足了自已公義的要求,並展現了自已無限的慈愛。


Why does a good God allow suffering? 為何仁慈的真神允許苦難存在?


Goodness is not equivalent to kindness, 
for “[i]f goodness meant only kindness, 
a God who tolerated pain in his creatures when he could abolish it 
would not be an all-good God.”1 
Because His nature is perfectly good and just, 
however, God cannot tolerate sin. 
Having sinned and turned away from God, 
we are subject to His divine wrath. 
And if our souls are alienated from God, 
our bodies, too, are alienated and no longer under His protection. 
God gave humankind authority over nature 
(Gen 1:28), 
but when humanity rejected God’s authority, 
we rejected the authority He gives to us: 
“If you rebel against the king, his ministers will no longer serve you.”2 
Therefore, we suffer both physical evil from the natural world 
(disease, famine, earthquakes) 
as well as moral evil from the sins we commit 
(hatred, envy, deceit).

善良並不等於仁慈,
因為“如果善良僅僅代表仁慈,
一位會容忍其受造物受苦的神,當他可以消除它之時,
祂就不是一個完全良善的神。”1
因為祂的本性就是完全善良與公義,
然而,神不能容忍罪惡。
若犯了罪,背離神,
我們將會遭受祂的神聖之怒。
如果我們的靈魂遠離神,
我們的身體也疏遠了,不再受到祂的保護。
神賦予人類管理自然的權威
(創 1:28)
但當人類拒絕神的權柄時,
我們就拒絕了祂賦予我們的權柄:
“如果你們反抗君王,祂的使者將不再服事你。”2
因此,我們受苦來自於自然世界的物質邪惡,
(疾病,飢荒,地震)
以及來自自已所犯罪過的道德邪惡
(仇恨,嫉妒,欺騙)。


Why, then, do the righteous suffer? 
We cannot always equate suffering with wrongdoing, 
as Job’s friends were too quick to do. 
When Jesus’ disciples asked why the man He healed was born blind, 
He replied, 
“Neither this man nor his parents sinned, 
but that the works of God should be revealed in him” 
(Jn 9:3). 
Suffering ultimately reveals to us God’s sovereign power. 
Through suffering, 
our faith in God grows as we come to realize our limitations and learn to turn, instead, to Him. 
Thus, God allows suffering for our own good so that, in the end, 
“the genuineness of [our] faith, 
being much more precious than gold that perishes, though it is tested by fire, 
may be found to praise, honor, and glory at the revelation of Jesus Christ” 
(1 Pet 1:7).

那麼,為什麼公義之人會受苦呢?
我們不能總是把受苦看作等同於犯罪,
就如約伯的朋友太快就下定論。
當耶穌的門徒詢問,為何祂醫治的人生來就是瞎子,
祂回答說:
“3也不是這人犯了罪,也不是他父母犯了罪,
是要在他身上顯出神的作為來。”
(約 9:3)。
苦難最終向我們顯明神至高無上的權能。
透過苦難,
當我們對神的信心就會成長,隨著我們終於了解自已的限制,並轉而學會轉向祂。
因此,神為了我們好而允許受苦,且最終,
“7叫你們的信心既被試驗,
就比那被火試驗仍然能壞的金子更顯寶貴,
可以在耶穌基督顯現的時候得著稱讚、榮耀、尊貴。”
(彼前 1:7)。


1. Peter Kreeft and Ronald K. Tacelli, Handbook of Christian Apologetics 
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 140.

1. Peter Kreeft 和 Ronald K. Tacelli,《基督教辨正手冊》
(伊利諾州唐納斯格羅夫:美國校園團契出版社,1994 年),140。


2. Ibid., 135. 2. 同上,第135,2。


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