5. Manna issue 98 - Q&A on Dating Non-Believers: A Biblical Perspective 未信者交往的問答:聖經觀點


Chad Liu—Sacramento, California, USA 美國加州沙加緬度


Dating and marriage are among the most important decisions of a believer's life.
There has been a recent trend of brothers and sisters in Christ
choosing to date non-believers,
hoping that their partners will eventually accept the true gospel of salvation.
Some couples have experienced positive outcomes,
but others have faced painful consequences.
As followers of the Lord Jesus Christ,
how should we approach this important issue?
Below are common questions believers may ask,
along with biblical responses
to help us trust God's timing and plan for each of us.

戀愛交往與婚姻是信徒一生中最重要的決定之一。
近年來有股趨勢,基督徒的弟兄姐妹,
選擇與未信者交往,
希望他們的伴侶最終能夠接受救贖真福音。
有些伴侶體驗了美好的結果,
但另有一些人卻遭遇了痛苦的後果。
作為主耶穌基督的跟隨者,
我們該如何看待這個重要的問題呢?
以下是一些信徒可能會詢問常見的問題,
以及其聖經的回覆,
可幫助我們每個人來信靠神的時間和計劃。


Q1. What if I can't find a potential partner in the church?
Should I be open to dating outside the church?
It is completely understandable for us to feel lonely or discouraged
when we do not see anyone suitable in the church.
Wanting to share our lives with someone who understands and supports us
is a natural and good desire.
God Himself said,
"It is not good that man should be alone"
(Gen 2:18a).
However, the key is how we seek companionship
and who we allow to guide that journey.

問題一:如果我找不到教會裡合適的伴侶怎麼辦?
我應該開放教會外的交往嗎?
我們感到孤獨或灰心完全是可以理解的,
當我們在教會裡看不到任何人合適時。
想要與某個可以理解及支持我們的人分享自已的生活,
是一種自然而美好的期望。
神自己說過:
“那人獨居不好”
(創 2:18a)。
然而,重點是在於我們如何尋求伴侶,
以及我們允許誰來引導那段旅程。


Dating should be about more than just meeting our emotional needs;
it should reflect our faith and trust in God's timing.
In God's eyes, dating serves a sacred purpose
—to find a life partner
who will walk in faith and build a Christ-centered home with us.
The Bible may not provide a "Romance 101" guide,
but it does offer strong principles for courtship.
These principles protect our hearts and keep us aligned with God's will.

交往不該只是為了滿足我們的情感需求;
它該反應出我們的信心,信賴神安排的時間。
在神的眼中,交往具有神聖的意義
—找到一位人生伴侶,
他會與我們靠著信心度日,建立一個以基督為主的家庭。
聖經或許沒有提供“戀愛入門”指引,
但它確有給戀愛提供重要的原則。
這些原則會保護我們的內心,使我們同步神的旨意。


The Bible reminds us: 聖經提醒我們:


Do not be unequally yoked together with unbelievers.
For what fellowship has righteousness with lawlessness?
And what communion has light with darkness?
(2 Cor 6:14)

14你們和不信的原不相配,不要同負一軛。
義和不義有甚麼相交呢?
光明和黑暗有甚麼相通呢?
(林後 6:14)


Do not be mismatched with unbelievers;
for what do righteousness and lawlessness share together,
or what does light have in common with darkness?
(2 Cor 6:14, NASB)[1]

14不可錯配未信者。
義和不義有甚麼可同享呢?
光明和黑暗有甚麼共通點呢?
(林後 6:14, NASB)


The word "yoked" evokes the image of two animals pulling the same plow.
If they are mismatched in size, strength, or direction,
the work becomes difficult or may not progress at all.
In the same way, if two people do not share the same faith and spiritual goals,
the relationship may start well but will eventually face serious challenges.
Differences in Sabbath keeping, church involvement,
raising children, and life priorities can slowly create tension.
Over time, one person may compromise their faith or drift away from God.
That is why God's word warns us not to be unequally yoked.

“負軛”一詞讓人聯想到兩頭牲畜拉著同一把犁的畫面。
如果他們的體型,力量或方向無法配合,
工作就會變得困難,甚至可能根本無法進行。
同樣的情況,如果兩人沒有相同的信仰和屬靈的目標,
一開始關係可能很好,但最後會面臨嚴峻的挑戰。
很多差異會出現在守安息日,參與教會活動,
養育子女以及人生優先事項,會逐漸造成緊張。
隨著時間的推移,有一人可能會妥協信仰,或漂離神。
這就是為什麼神話語警告我們,不與未信者同負一軛。


It is natural to feel disheartened
if we believe there are no potential partners for us in the church.
But instead of letting that feeling lead us
to compromise God's teachings by dating outside the faith,
we should take this time to grow closer to God.
When we bring our desires before Him in prayer and trust His timing,
we learn that waiting is not a delay but a part of God's plan.
God knows our needs better than we do, and His plans are always good,
even if His ways unfold differently from what we expect
(Isa 55:8–9).

感到灰心是很自然的,
如果我們認為教會可能找不到自已合適的伴侶,。
但是,與其讓這種感覺引導我們,
與未信者交往,而違背神的教導
而我們應該利用這段時間與神更加親近。
當我們禱告提出自己的期望在神面前,並信賴祂安排的時間,
我們就會明白,等待並非拖延,而是神計畫的一部分。
神比我們更了解我們自已的需要,祂的計劃總是美好的,
即使祂的計劃展開與我們的預期有所不同
(賽 55:8-9)。


When the time comes for us to find a partner,
it should be intentional and prayerful,
guided by a heart that is grounded in faith rather than emotion or social pressure.
Dating simply for the sake of dating is not the purpose God intends
because it often leads to short-term connections.
A better word to describe this process is "courting,"
which means seeking a relationship with the sincere purpose of finding a life partner
who shares our faith and will walk the heavenly journey with us.
The Bible reminds us to "seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness"
(Mt 6:33)
and to acknowledge Him in all our ways so that He will direct our paths
(Prov 3:5–6).
When we let the Lord Jesus guide our hearts in choosing a significant other,
we build a lasting foundation that honors Him.

當我們尋找伴侶的時機來到時,
那應當經過深思熟慮,虔誠禱告,
由一顆扎根信仰的心來引導,而非情感或社會壓力。
只為了交往而約會並非神的旨意,
因為它常會導致短暫的連繫。
比較好用來描述這個過程的詞彙,就是“求愛”,
那代表尋找一段關係,以真誠找到一位人生的伴侶,
他會與我們擁有共同的信仰,會願意與我們攜手走完天國路。
聖經提醒我們“要先求神國神義”
(太 6:33),
在一切所行的事上認定他,好讓祂指引我們的道路
(箴 3:5-6)。
當我們讓主耶穌指引我們內心去選擇重要的另一半時,
我們就建立了一種長久榮耀祂的根基。


Q2. I've seen brothers and sisters marry non-believers,
and their spouses eventually got baptized and now serve actively.
Can't that happen to me too?
It is true that some have married non-believers who later came to the faith,
but this is the exception rather than the norm.
While we may admire such testimonies of God's mercy on new believers,
we must remember that faith should never be compromised.
We should not make personal and spiritual decisions based on rare situations.
God knows the longing in our hearts,
and He understands our desire to share life with someone who loves and follows Him.
God's word gives clear commands, not conditional suggestions:

問題二:我看過一些弟兄姐妹嫁娶未信者,
他們的配偶最終受洗,現在積極參與服事。
難道那種情況不能也發生在我身上嗎?
的確,有些人嫁娶未信者,他們後來信主了,
但這只是特殊例外,而非普遍現象。
雖然我們或許會羨慕這種神給新信徒憐憫的見證,
但我們必須記住,信仰絕不可妥協。
我們不應基於少數個別的情況做出個人及屬靈的決定。
神知道我們內心的渴望,
祂明白我們期待會有個人愛祂,跟隨祂的人來分享生命。
神的話語是明確的命令,而非條件式的建議:


"Nor shall you make marriages with them.
You shall not give your daughter to their son,
nor take their daughter for your son.
For they will turn your sons away from following Me,
to serve other gods;
so the anger of the LORD will be aroused against you
and destroy you suddenly."
(Deut 7:3–4)

“3不可與他們結親。
不可將你的女兒嫁他們的兒子,
也不可叫你的兒子娶他們的女兒;
4因為他必使你兒子轉離不跟從主,
去事奉別神,
以致耶和華的怒氣向你們發作,
就速速地將你們滅絕。”
(申 7:3-4)


These words reflect God's deep concern
that compromise usually goes in the wrong direction.
Believers are far more likely to be influenced away from faith
than to bring their partner into it.
While some spouses do eventually come to believe,
many do not,
and the believer often ends up carrying the spiritual burden alone.

這些話語反映了神深切的擔憂:
妥協往往會走向錯誤的方向。
信徒很大的可能受到影響而遠離信仰,
而不是帶他們的伴侶信主。
雖然有些配偶最後來信主了,
但還有許多人卻沒信,
信徒時常最終獨自承擔屬靈的重擔。


Faith should never be treated as a strategy to change someone.
Conversion must come from the Holy Spirit,
not through romantic attachment.
Marrying someone with the hope that they will later convert
puts the believer in a spiritually vulnerable place.
Rather than relying on possibilities, we should rely on God's clear guidance.
信仰絕不應被用來作改變他人的策略。
改變信仰必須來自聖靈,
而非出於愛情浪漫的依賴。
與某個人結婚,卻懷著盼望他們後來會改信,
置使信徒靈命處於脆弱的境地。
與其依賴各種改信的可能性,我們應依靠神清晰的帶領。


Q3. I'm getting older, and there are no suitable brothers or sisters.
Isn't it better to marry a good person who is not in the church than to remain single?
This is an honest struggle for many of us,
especially when cultural and family expectations add pressure.
It is normal to long for companionship,
and seasons of singleness can feel lonely.
Yet we must remember that marrying outside the faith
often leads to deeper and lifelong spiritual obstacles.
If we wait patiently and trust in God's timing,
He will provide what is best for us.

問題三:我年紀漸長,卻沒有合適的兄弟姐妹。
難道嫁給一個未信者,不是比繼續單身更好嗎?
這對我們許多人來說都是一個真正的掙扎,
尤其是文化方面與家庭的期望會增加壓力。
渴望陪伴是人之常情,
單身時期可能會感到孤單。
然而我們必須記住,嫁娶未信者,
常會導致更深更久的屬靈障礙。
如果我們耐心等候,並信賴神安排的時間,
祂必會為我們預備最好的。


The LORD is good to those who wait for Him,

耶和華恩待那些等候祂的人。


To the soul who seeks Him.
(Lam 3:25)

25凡等候耶和華,心裡尋求他的。
(哀歌 3:25)


The Bible also reminds us
that those who wait on the Lord will not be put to shame
(Isa 49:23).
Waiting is not wasted time when it is rooted in faith.
At first, marrying a non-believer may seem like the easier option.
However, after marriage, differences in faith become very real.
Couples may face tensions
over disagreements on worship, church attendance, and raising children.
Many believers in these situations find themselves worshipping alone on Sabbaths,
struggling to pass on their faith to their children,
and lacking spiritual support from their spouse during crucial moments.

聖經也提醒我們,
等候耶和華的必不致羞愧
(賽 49:23)
若等候並非浪費時間,當其來自於信心。
起初,嫁娶未信者可以看起來是更容易的選項。
然而,婚後,信仰的差異會變得非常現實。
夫妻可能會產生緊張,
因為敬拜,教會活動和養育子女而意見不合。
許多信徒在這種情況時,發現自己在安息日獨自敬拜,
難以將自已的信仰傳給子女,
並且在關鍵時刻缺乏配偶的屬靈支持。


Choosing to follow God's lead, even when waiting is hard,
shows faith in His wisdom.
Many may wonder, What if I find a good person who treats me well,
even if they are not in the faith?
Isn't that enough?
Character is important,
but spiritual unity is essential for a Christ-centered marriage.
Marrying a good person who does not share the same faith
can still lead to spiritual loneliness and compromise.
The Bible urges us to wait for the Lord and be courageous,
trusting that He will strengthen our hearts
(Ps 27:14).
God makes everything beautiful in His time
(Eccl 3:11).
His timing is never late.
It may not match our expectations, but it is always good.
Waiting with faith and obedience prepares us to receive blessings
that align with His perfect will,
including a marriage that honors our Lord Jesus Christ.

選擇跟隨神的引導,即使等待很艱難,
展現了祂智慧中的信心。
許多人可能會想:假若我遇到一個好人,對方待我很好,
即使他們沒有信仰,那又如何呢?
那樣還不夠嗎?
品格固然重要,
但屬靈的合一對於以基督為主的婚姻至關重要。
嫁娶一個好人,信仰不同,
仍可能導致屬靈的孤獨和妥協。
聖經勸勉我們等候耶和華,要勇敢,
相信祂會堅固我們的心
(詩 27:14)。
神使萬事各按其時成為美好
(傳 3:11)。
祂安排的時間從不遲到。
它也許不符合我們的預期,但總是美好的。
以信心和順服等候,可使我們預備好領受福氣,
是符合祂完美旨意,
包括一段榮耀我們主耶穌基督的婚姻。


Q4. What if I date someone first
and then gradually introduce them to the True Jesus Church?
Isn't this a good form of evangelism?
Evangelism is about sharing the gospel of salvation freely,
out of genuine love for God and others, not out of romantic hopes.
The urge to share the truth with those we care about is natural,
but dating or entering a relationship with the intention of conversion
can blur our motives and place emotional pressure on both hearts.
We can trust that God's Spirit works best
when our love is pure, our motives sincere,
and our hearts strengthened through prayer.
When we lead others to Christ for His sake,
we allow God's love, not emotion, to guide the outcome.

問題四:假若我先和某人交往,
然後逐漸介紹真耶穌教會給他們呢?
這難道不就是一種好的傳福音方式嗎?
傳福音是關於分享白白得救的福音,
是出於對神對人的真愛,而非出於愛情浪漫的幻想。
想要與我們關心之人分享真理是人之常情,
但帶著勸人改信的想法去交往或建立情感,
可能會模糊我們的動機,並給彼此內心帶來情感的壓力。
我們可以信靠,神聖靈動工最美好,
當我們愛心純潔無瑕,動機真誠,
而我們內心因著禱告堅固時。
當我們為了神而帶領別人歸向基督時,
我們讓神的慈愛,而非情感,來引導結局。


[They were] praising God and having favor with all the people.
And the Lord added to church daily those who were being saved.
(Acts 2:47)

47讚美神,得眾民的喜愛。
主將得救的人天天加給他們。
(徒 2:47)


It is God who brings people into the church through His Spirit and word,
not through romantic relationships.
Many who begin with good intentions eventually compromise their faith.
They might attend fewer church fellowships, downplay doctrinal differences,
or avoid difficult biblical conversations to maintain a smooth relationship.
Sometimes the non-believing partner participates outwardly to please their partner,
not because of genuine conviction,
which can create future tension in the marriage.

只有神才會藉著聖靈和聖經,帶人進入教會
而非透過戀愛。
許多人起初懷著美好的期許,最終卻妥協自已的信仰。
他們可能減少參加教會團契,弱化教義的差異,
或是迴避棘手的聖經話題,來維持表面和諧的關係。
有時,未信者表面參與教會活動來取悅他們的伴侶,
而非出於真確信,
那可能會給婚姻的未來造成緊張。


True evangelism is led by the Holy Spirit, supported by prayer, and grounded in truth.
If someone is genuinely seeking God,
they will respond to His call without the need for romantic involvement.
It is far better to let God work in their heart first
and only consider a courtship after they come to true faith on their own.
An example of God leading those who earnestly seek Him
is Cornelius the centurion, a devout and God-fearing Gentile.
Through God's guidance, Peter was sent to preach to him,
and the Holy Spirit worked powerfully in Cornelius and his household,
leading them to believe and be baptized
(Acts 10:1–48).
This shows that God can reach sincere seekers
through His own timing and ways
without relying on romantic relationships.

真正傳佈福音是由聖靈引導,以禱告為支撐,並以真理為根基。
如果有人真心尋求神,
他們會回應祂的呼召,無需遷涉戀愛關係。
先讓神在他們的心中動工才會更好,
只有在他們自行取得真信仰之後,才去考慮交往。
有一個例子就是神引導那些真心尋求祂的人,
那就是百夫長哥尼流,是一位虔誠敬畏神的外邦人。
在神的引導下,彼得被差遣去向他傳道,
而聖靈大大在哥尼流及其家人身上動工,
帶領他們信主受洗,
(徒 10:1-48)。
這表明,按祂自己安排的時間和方式,
神能夠接觸到誠心慕道者,
而無需依賴戀情。


Q5. Isn't love enough?
If we truly love each other,
can't we make it work despite our different beliefs?
Human love, though powerful and beautiful, still has its limits.
Love at first sight or romantic feelings alone
cannot sustain a marriage through every season of life.
What truly holds a relationship together is spiritual unity
—the shared faith, values, and hope in Christ
that strengthen both hearts when trials arise.
When we build our love on the Lord Jesus,
He becomes the anchor that keeps us steady
and the source of strength that helps us persevere together.

問題5:難道有愛情還不夠嗎?
如果我們真心彼此相愛,
雖然我們有信仰差異,難道行不通嗎?
人類的情愛,雖然強大而美好,仍有其侷限。
一見鍾情或單只有浪漫情感,
不足以維繫婚姻通過生活的各種時節。
真正可以一起維繫一段關係的是屬靈合一,
—在基督裡共同信仰,價值與盼望,
當考驗臨到時堅固彼此內心。
當我們主耶穌之上建立愛情時,
祂就成為保守我們穩固的錨,
幫助我們彼此保守的力量泉源。


Unless the LORD builds the house,
They labor in vain who build it;
Unless the LORD guards the city,
The watchman stays awake in vain.
(Ps 127:1)

1若不是耶和華建造房屋,
建造的人就枉然勞力;
若不是耶和華看守城池,
看守的人就枉然警醒。
(詩 127:1)


God must be at the center of every marriage.
When a couple does not share the same faith,
even simple daily matters such as prayer, church attendance,
and raising children can become sources of conflict.
Many children in such situations receive mixed spiritual messages.
One parent may emphasize the importance of baptism and keeping the Sabbath,
while the other may be indifferent or even disagree.
This tension often leads to confusion and spiritual drift in the next generation.
When faith is not united from the beginning,
the spiritual foundation of the family weakens,
and the succession of faith within the church may eventually be hindered.

神必須是所有婚姻的中心。
當有一對夫妻信仰不同時,
即使是簡單的日常瑣事,例如禱告,參加聚會,
及教養女等,也可能成為衝突的根源。
在這種情況下,許多孩子會接收到混亂的屬靈訊息。
雙親有一方可能強調洗禮及守安息日的重要性,
而另一方可能漠不關心,甚至反對。
這種緊張關係往往會導致下一代感到困惑與靈命迷失。
當信仰從一開始就沒有合一,
家庭的屬靈根基就很軟弱,
最終,教會內部的信仰傳承就可能受到阻礙。


Love is essential, but godly love is built on shared faith and common values in Christ.
Emotional attraction alone cannot sustain a spiritual covenant.
Only Christ-centered love can establish a lasting foundation for marriage and family.
A beautiful example is seen in the marriage of Boaz and Ruth.
Boaz was a man of faith and integrity,
and Ruth chose to follow the God of Israel with a sincere heart
(Ruth 1:16–17).
Their shared faith and commitment to God formed the foundation of their union,
bringing blessings to future generations
(Ruth 4:13–17).
Their love story reminds us
that when two people place God at the center of their relationship,
He can use their union to fulfill His greater purpose.

愛情固然很重要,但敬虔的感情是建立於基督裡共同信仰和價值觀。
單憑情感吸引力就無法維繫屬靈的盟約。
唯有基督為主的感情,才能給婚姻與家庭奠定持久的根基。
波阿斯與路得的婚姻就是一個美好的典範。
波阿斯是個有信心,正直的人,
路得誠心誠意選擇跟隨以色列的神。
(得 1:16-17)
他們共同的信仰及交託神形成了他們婚姻的根基,
為後代帶來福氣。
(得 4:13-17)
他們的愛情故事提醒我們,
當兩個人將神放在他們關係的中心時,
祂就能運用他們的結合來完成祂更大的旨意。


Q6. What if I'm already married to a non-believer?
If you are already married, the Bible gives clear guidance:

問題6:假若我已經嫁娶未信者該怎麼辦呢?
如果你已經結婚,聖經有明確的指引:


But to the rest I say, not the Lord,
that if any brother has an unbelieving wife,
and she consents to live with him,
he must not divorce her.
And if any woman has an unbelieving husband,
and he consents to live with her,
she must not divorce her husband.
(1 Cor 7:12–13, NASB)

12我對其餘的人說,不是主說,:
倘若某弟兄有不信的妻子,
妻子也情願和他同住,
他就不要離棄妻子。
13妻子有不信的丈夫,
丈夫也情願和他同住,
他就不要離棄丈夫。
(林前 7:12-13, NASB)


In such situations, believers are called to remain faithful
and demonstrate their faith through godly conduct.
Although these marriages present unique challenges, as discussed above,
believers need to rely on prayer,
seek support from their local church,
and maintain their faith without compromise.
Their steadfast example can become a powerful testimony to their spouse.

在這種情況下,信徒蒙召要保持信心,
並透過敬虔的行為來展現他們的信仰。
雖然這些婚姻會帶來獨特的挑戰,正如上文所述,
但信徒需要依靠禱告,
尋求當地教會的幫助,
並持守自已的信仰不可妥協。
他們堅定的榜樣可以成為其配偶強力的見證。


At the same time, it is important to continue growing spiritually
and to strengthen your personal relationship with the Lord.
Spiritual growth not only helps you remain steadfast
but also allows God to work through your life.
The Bible encourages believers to let their light shine before others
(Mt 5:16)
and to win their spouse without words through godly conduct
(1 Pet 3:1–2).
Prayer should be a constant practice,
asking the Lord to soften your spouse's heart and lead them to the truth.
While change may not happen immediately,
God is able to work through a faithful and prayerful heart.

同時之間,靈命可以不斷成長是很重要的,
可以加強個人與主的關係。
靈性成長不僅會幫助你保守堅固,
也能讓神透過你的生命作工。
聖經鼓勵信徒在人前讓自己的發光閃耀,
(太 5:16)
不以言詞而以敬虔的行為贏得配偶的心,
(彼前 3:1-2)
禱告應成為一種持續的實踐,
祈求主軟化配偶的內心,引導他們認識真理。
雖然改變可能不會立即發生,
但神能夠透過一顆忠誠常常禱告的心動工。


CONCLUSION 結論


Dating and marriage are personal decisions,
but for believers, they are ultimately covenants before God.
The Scriptures warn against being unequally yoked not to restrict us
but to protect our faith, future, and family.
The choices we make now shape our spiritual journey for years to come,
such as when it comes to raising children.
While some marriages with non-believers lead to conversion,
this should never be the reason for entering the relationship.
Our calling is to trust in God's provision, honor His word,
and build relationships that strengthen our walk with the Lord Jesus Christ.

戀愛和婚姻是個人的決定,
但對信徒而言,他們就是最終在神面的盟約。
聖經警告我們不要與未信者同負一軛,並非是為了限制我們,
而是為了保護我們的信仰,未來和家庭。
我們現在所做的選擇將會形塑我們未來的屬靈旅程,
例如當們要面對養育子女。
雖然有些與未信者的婚姻最終會有來信主,
但這種情況絕不應該成為進入感情關係的理由。
我們的使命是信靠神的預備,遵行祂的話語,
並建立關係,可以加強我們與主耶穌基督同行。


Commit your way to the LORD,
Trust also in Him,
And He shall bring it to pass.
(Ps 37:5)

5當將你的事交託耶和華,
並倚靠他,
他就必成全。
(詩 37:5)


Let us encourage one another to put God first in every area of life,
including love and marriage.
It is not always easy to wait for God's timing,
but His plans are always worth trusting.
When we surrender our desires to Him and walk by faith,
He leads us toward blessings that last.
Trusting in His ways brings peace to our hearts and confidence
that what He provides will be far superior to anything our impatient actions could achieve.

讓我們彼此鼓勵,在生活的各個層面以神為主,
包括愛情和婚姻,都將神放在第一位。
等待神的安排並非易事,
但祂的計劃永遠值得信賴。
當我們交託自己的慾望給祂,憑著信心而行,
祂會引領我們走向永恆的祝福。
信靠祂的道路會給我們內心帶來平安和自信心,
祂所要預備的,將遠勝過我們急躁行事所能成就的一切。


[1] Scripture quotations taken from the (NASBR)
New American Standard BibleR,
Copyright c 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation.
Used by permission.
All rights reserved.
www.Lockman.org.

[1] 經文引自 (NASBR)
新美國標準聖經R,
版權所有 c 1960、1971、1977、1995、2020 洛克曼基金會。
經許可使用。
版權所有。
www.Lockman.org。

















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