8. Manna issue 90 - The Lord Shut Him In The Ark 耶和華就把他關在方舟裡頭
Adapted from a sermon by Steve Hwang—New York, USA 美國紐約，參考 Steve Hwang 講道
So those that entered, male and female of all flesh,
went in as God had commanded him;
and the LORD shut him in.
(Gen 7:16)
16凡有血肉進入方舟的，都是有公有母，
正如神所吩咐挪亞的。
耶和華就把他關在方舟裡頭。
(創 7：16)
Many of us, even non-Christians, are familiar with the story of Noah and his ark.
God commanded Noah to build the ark
and to enter it with his family of eight and every kind of animal and bird, both male and female.
Before the flood came, Noah obeyed God and did all that was commanded of him.
But what is noteworthy is that the hand that finally sealed the door of the ark belonged to God:
“the LORD shut him in.”
我們許多人，甚至不是基督徒，都熟悉挪亞和方舟的故事。
神吩咐挪亞建造方舟，
並與他一家八口，各種動物鳥類，包括雄性雌性一起進入方舟。
在洪水來臨之前，挪亞順服神，做了神所吩咐的一切事。
但值得注意的是，最終封住方舟門的那隻手，是神的手：
“耶和華就把他關在方舟裡頭。”
Today, in 2020, the government has shut our doors.
Many of us have stayed at home—in lockdown
—for forty days and, in some cases, longer.
But how does our confinement compare with Noah’s?
What can we learn from being shut in?
Why did God shut Noah and his family in the ark?
What was lockdown in the ark like?
Finally, how did they come out of their lockdown?
These are some questions discussed in this article.
今天，2020 年，政府關上我們的大門。
我們許多人都呆在家裡—處於封鎖狀態，
—持續四十天，有些情況甚至更長。
但是我們的隔離，怎能與諾亞的相比呢？
我們可以從封鎖隔離中，學到什麼呢？
神為什麼要把挪亞和他家人，關在方舟裡？
方舟裡的禁閉是怎樣的？
最後，他們是如何走出封鎖的？
這些是本文要討論的一些問題。
WHY DID GOD SHUT THEM IN? 為何神把他們關進去？
Before God flooded the earth,
He “saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth,
and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually”
(Gen 6:5, emphasis added).
He later revealed to Noah:
“The end of all flesh has come before Me,
for the earth is filled with violence through them;
and behold, I will destroy them with the earth”
(Gen 6:13, emphasis added).
神以洪水淹沒地上之前，
5耶和華見人在地上罪惡很大，終日所思想的盡都是惡，
(創 6：5)
祂後來向挪亞啟示：
13凡有血氣的人，他的盡頭已經來到我面前；
因為地上滿了他們的強暴，我要把他們和地一併毀滅。
(創 6：13，加入強調)
Even before the Mosaic Law was established,
since the time of Adam and Eve,
the people had rebelled against God’s perfect will to satisfy their desires.
It must have been a truly terrifying and immoral time to live in,
where men, women, and children thought only of evil.
The wickedness was so much that
“the LORD was sorry that
He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart”
(Gen 6:6).
即使摩西律法制定之前，
從亞當和夏娃的時代開始，
人們為了滿足自已的慾望，而違背神完美的旨意。
生活在其中，這一定是個真正可怕不道德的時期，
男人、女人和孩子只會思想邪惡的事。
因為充滿邪惡，
6耶和華就後悔造人在地上，心中憂傷。
(創 6：6)
We often perceive the God of the Old Testament as vengeful and unforgiving,
yet the Bible teaches us that the God we worship is full of love, mercy, and justice.
This destruction was not lightly done, nor was it pleasing to God.
The author of Hebrews reminds us that our Lord transcends time
—He is the same yesterday, today, and tomorrow
(Heb 13:8)
—so He does not experience regret as we do.
Yet, at this time and in this space, the Bible expresses that the Lord was “sorry.”
Only such great sadness and grief would move God to destroy what He had lovingly created.
The Lord shut Noah and his family in to save them from His destruction.
我們經常認為，舊約的神很會報復，殘酷無情，
然而聖經教導我們，我們所敬拜的神是充滿慈愛、憐憫和公義。
不輕易造成毀滅，傷害也不為神所喜悅。
希伯來書作者提醒我們，神超越時間
—8耶穌基督，昨日、今日、一直到永遠、是一樣的。
(來 13：8)
—所以祂不會像我們一樣，事情作了而感到後悔。
然而此時此地，聖經表達了主會“後悔”。
只有很大的悲傷憂慮，才會促使神摧毀祂所喜愛創造之物。
主將挪亞及他家人關在方舟裡面，以拯救他們免於毀滅。
A LOCKDOWN CHANGES EVERYTHING 封城改變一切
The waters prevailed fifteen cubits upward,
and the mountains were covered.
And all flesh died that moved on the earth:
birds and cattle and beasts and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, and every man.
All in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, all that was on the dry land, died.
So He destroyed all living things which were on the face of the ground:
both man and cattle, creeping thing and bird of the air.
They were destroyed from the earth.
Only Noah and those who were with him in the ark remained alive.
(Gen 7:20–23)
21凡在地上有血肉的動物，就是飛鳥、牲畜、走獸，和爬在地上的昆蟲，以及所有的人，都死了。
22凡在旱地上、鼻孔有氣息的生靈都死了。
23凡地上各類的活物，連人帶牲畜、昆蟲，以及空中的飛鳥，都從地上除滅了，
只留下挪亞和那些與他同在方舟裡的。
(創 7：20-23)
The flood had irrevocably changed the environment and people’s lives:
destroying the biblical records of giants
—strong, great in stature, and living even to nine hundred
(Gen 6:4)
—introducing the four seasons
(Gen 8:22),
and the eating of meat
(Gen 9:3).
Similarly, for us today,
our lives have been changed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
What we once considered to be everyday occurrences
—traveling, shopping, dining out, doctor’s consultations, family visits
—these, too, have changed, and we must establish a set of “new norms.”
洪水以不可逆轉的形式，改變了環境和人們的生活：
摧毀了巨人的聖經記錄，
—強壯，身材魁梧，甚至可以活到九百歲，
（創 6:4）
—導入四種季節
（創 8:22），
開始食用肉類
（創 9:3）。
同樣的情況，對今日的我們來說，
新冠疫情已經改變了我們的生活。
我們曾經認為，日常會發生的事情
—旅遊、購物、外出用餐、看病、親友探訪
—這一切也發生了變化，我們必須建立一套“新的規範”。
Undeniably, the flood would have hugely impacted the lives of Noah, his family,
and all the living creatures in the ark, not to mention the very landscape of the earth.
However, as prepared as Noah was
—he preached the way of God for one hundred years
—many were utterly unprepared.
Despite Noah’s warnings and calls for change and preparation,
the floodwaters hit them when they least expected,
and they perished according to God’s will.
Today, some countries have prepared wisely.
Yet, others have struggled to keep up with the demand for medical supplies
and experienced empty shop shelves in the first few weeks of the lockdown.
Most tragically, ever-mounting deaths have devastated developed nations
such as those in Europe and America.
不可否認的，洪水會極大影響挪亞的生活，他的家人，
以及方舟裡的所有生物，更不用說地球的各地景觀了。
然而，正如挪亞所準備的那樣，
—他宣傳神的道理一百年
—許多人完全沒有準備。
儘管挪亞有警告，並呼籲轉變，作好準備，
洪水在他們最意想不到的時候，淹沒了他們，
他們按照神的旨意而滅亡。
今日，有一些國家已經做好了明智的準備。
然而，有些其他國，卻一直在努力準備滿足國家藥品的需求，
並在封城前幾周的時候，遇到一掃而空的商店貨架。
最可悲的是，不斷增加的死亡人數，摧毀了發達國家
比如歐美的國家。
GOD’S WILL IS ABSOLUTE 神的旨意一定成全
When God was aggrieved by humanity’s wickedness,
His decision to destroy the earth was not without His mercy.
Noah preached to others and tried his best to warn those around him.
Similarly, today’s pandemic is not without God’s mercy.
Despite human attempts to explain the virus through bats and pangolins,
and blame its spread on poor hygiene, government cover-ups,
and political and medical ineptitude,
the pandemic is the work of God, just as the flood was.
當神因人類的邪惡而憂傷時，
他毀滅地球的決定，並非沒有展現祂的憐憫。
挪亞向別人傳道，並儘力警告周圍的人。
同樣，今日的疫情，也不是沒有伴隨神的憐憫。
儘管人類試圖解釋這種病毒的來源，是通過蝙蝠和穿山甲傳染，
並歸咎其傳播於衛生條件差，政府掩蓋事實，以及政治醫療上的無能為力，
疫情是神動工，就像洪水一樣。
When the flood came, only eight humans were saved; the rest of the world’s population perished.
We now see similar, heart-rending scenes on the news:
mass deaths, healthcare workers exhausted and in tears, loved ones dying alone,
and funerals attended by a handful of people while family and friends stay away.
The death toll statistics are equally as alarming.
Coronavirus has now claimed more American lives than all wars, domestic terrorist threats,
and mass shootings combined since 1945[1]
and more British lives than the World War II Blitz.[2]
In April, national US news reported that crematoriums were operating around the clock
as their workload had more than doubled.[3]
In Colombia, a company has designed cardboard hospital beds,
which can be folded into coffins.[4]
This pandemic is just a foretaste of what will happen in the future:
we must not take the warnings lightly,
but be prepared and seek salvation today.
洪水來臨時，只有八個人得救； 世界其他地區的人口死亡。
我們現在於新聞中，看到類似令人心碎的場景：
大規模死亡，醫護人員筋疲力盡流著淚，親人於孤獨死去，
只有少數人會參加葬禮，而家人和朋友則保持疏遠。
死亡人數統計，同樣令人震驚。
新冠病毒現在奪走的美國人生命，比所有戰爭、國內恐怖主義威脅還多、
比自 1945 年以來發生的大規模槍擊事件[1]死已人數還多，
而且比二戰閃電戰所死已的英國人生命更多。 [2]
4月，美國全國新聞報導，火葬場全天候營業，
因為他們的工作量增加了一倍多。 [3]
在哥倫比亞，一家公司設計了厚紙板病床，
亦可以折疊成棺材。 [4]
這次疫情，只是未來將要發生事件的預兆：
我們絕不能掉以輕心，
而今天就要做好準備，並尋得拯救。
LOCKDOWN IN THE ARK 封閉於方舟內
“And this is how you shall make it:
The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits,
and its height thirty cubits.
…And behold, I Myself am bringing floodwaters on the earth,
to destroy from under heaven all flesh in which is the breath of life;
everything that is on the earth shall die.
But I will establish My covenant with you;
and you shall go into the ark
—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you.
And of every living thing of all flesh you shall bring two of every sort into the ark,
to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female.”
(Gen 6:15, 17–19)
15方舟的造法乃是這樣：要長三百肘，寬五十肘，高三十肘。
17看哪，我要使洪水氾濫在地上，毀滅天下；凡地上有血肉、有氣息的活物，無一不死。
18我卻要與你立約；你同你的妻，與兒子兒婦，都要進入方舟。
19凡有血肉的活物，每樣兩個，一公一母，你要帶進方舟，好在你那裡保全生命。
(創 6：15，17-19)
Staying in the ark preserved the lives of Noah and his family.
The ark was constructed entirely according to the measurements of God.
At 80,000 square feet, with three levels, it was more extensive than an American football field.
At the time, other boats were not built according to God’s precise measurements,
and of course, they were destroyed.
留在方舟裡，保存了挪亞及他家人的生命。
方舟完全按照神的尺寸建造。
它佔地 80,000 平方英尺，共有三層，比美式足球場還要寬廣。
當時，其他的船都不是按照神精確的尺寸建造，
當然，它們被毀壞了。
Today, spiritually speaking, are our homes built according to God’s measurements?
Do you teach your children according to the Bible?
Do you treat your spouse according to biblical standards?
Are your concept of wealth and material possessions the same as God’s?
If we build up our home, ourselves, and our families based on God’s measurements
—His teachings and His guidance
—indeed, we will be prepared and ready to be saved,
just as Noah and his family were.
今日，從屬靈的角度來看，我們的家，是按照神的尺寸所建造的嗎？
你按照著聖經，教導你的孩子？
你是否按照聖經的原則，善待你的配偶？
你對財富和物質資產的觀念，和神的觀念是一樣的嗎？
如果我們按照神的標準，建立自已的家、造就自己，營造好自已的家庭
—照著神的教導和指引
—是的，我們就會做好準備，現在就能得救，
就像挪亞和他的家人一樣。
We often imagine the ark floating peacefully on the water,
as depicted by many children's books.
However, this was no ordinary flood.
The Bible tells us that
“on that day all the fountains of the great deep were broken up,
and the windows of heaven were opened”
(Gen 7:11b).
The force of the water would have been greater than a tsunami.
However large the ark was, it would have been tossed about by the waves.
Later, the description continues:
“The waters prevailed and greatly increased on the earth,
and the ark moved about on the surface of the waters”
(Gen 7:18).
This description reflects our situation today:
as we shelter in the haven of our homes,
our lives will continue to be rocked by outside forces.
Noah and his family, while looking after the wild creatures inside the ark,
would have had to remain steady in heart and in faith,
to ride out the flood and trust in God’s plan.
Similarly, we must remain steadfast and focused during this pandemic,
no matter the waves of negative news,
and however impacted our lives may be by the lockdown.
我們經常會想像，方舟平靜漂浮在水面上，
正如許多兒童圖書所描繪的那樣。
然而，這不是普通的洪水。
聖經告訴我們，
"11b那一天，大淵的泉源都裂開了，天上的窗戶也敞開了。"
(創 7：11b)
大水的力量會比海嘯更強大。
方舟再大，也仍會被海浪翻來覆去。
後來，故事描述繼續：
18水勢浩大，在地上大大地往上長，方舟在水面上漂來漂去。
(創 7：18)
這樣的描述，亦反映了我們今日的情況：
當我們躲在我們家裡的避風港時，
我們的生活將繼續受到外部力量的影響。
挪亞和他的家人，一邊照顧方舟內的野生動物，
內心和信心亦必須保持穩定，
安然渡過洪水犯濫，並相信神的計劃。
同樣在疫情期間，我們必須保持堅定和專注，
無論有什麼負面新聞一波又一波衝擊而來，
並且無論封城對我們的生活產生怎樣的影響。
PATIENTLY ENDURE LOCKDOWN 耐心忍受封城
Noah was six hundred years old when the floodwaters were on the earth.
(Gen 7:6)
6當洪水氾濫在地上的時候，挪亞整六百歲。
(創 7：6)
And it came to pass in the six hundred and first year,
in the first month, the first day of the month,
that the waters were dried up from the earth;
and Noah removed the covering of the ark and looked,
and indeed the surface of the ground was dry.
And in the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month,
the earth was dried.
(Gen 8:13–14)
13到挪亞六百零一歲，正月初一日，地上的水都乾了。
挪亞撤去方舟的蓋觀看，便見地面上乾了。
14到了二月二十七日，地就都乾了。
(創 8：13-14)
If you count the number of days Noah and his family were shut in the ark,
you will see that they were in there for a total of not just forty days,
but 422 days
—more than a year!
如果你數算挪亞和他的家人被關在方舟裡的天數，
你會看到，他們在那裡面，前後總共不是只有四十天，
而是長達422天
—超過一年多！
When the lockdown was first announced,
many could not stand even one week at home, let alone a month.
Stuck in flats with no gardens, at home with children climbing the walls,
and caring for vulnerable family members
—for many, it has been a terrible experience.
But compared to Noah and his family,
we really cannot complain.
Their one source of natural light would have been the window at the top of the ark.
They were surrounded by animals, eating, moving,
and defecating in the same space!
Those of us who can go for daily walks, shop online,
and have access to online entertainment during this lockdown are blessed indeed!
第一次宣佈封城的時候，
很多人甚至都受不了關在家一個星期，更不用說要隔離一個月了。
困在沒有花園的公寓裡，家裡有孩子到處爬牆，
以及照顧軟弱家人
—對許多人而言，這是一次很可怕的經歷。
但若與挪亞一家人相比，
我們真的不能有什麼抱怨。
他們唯一的自然光源，是方舟屋頂的窗戶。
他們被很多動物包圍著，一直吃東西，到處移動，
並且在同一個空間裡處理排洩事宜！
我們許多人每天可以散散步、上網購物，
並且封城期間，能夠使用線上娛樂活動，是真的很幸運了！
Paul writes that we
“glory in tribulations, knowing that tribulation produces perseverance;
and perseverance, character; and character, hope”
(Rom 5:3–4).
Being in a lockdown requires us to endure.
Pre-lockdown, our lives consisted of going from place to place, being busy, living fast,
and having no time to stop, think, reflect, and evaluate.
We did not focus on persevering, developing character, and, finally, nurturing hope.
Now, while we may be longing to return to work,
to our fast cars, fast food, and fast lives,
the Bible teaches us that we must endure.
We cannot miraculously take away pain and suffering:
endurance, perseverance, and resilience through hardships will eventually reap the reward of joy.
This is something that many cannot accept.
It is the reason why some people leave a job after one year
because they cannot stay with long-term projects,
and the reason why resilience is now explicitly taught in schools.
If Abraham had this attitude,
he would have given up on God’s promise
—after all, he was already seventy-five when God promised him descendants,
and he had to wait another twenty-four years for this to be realized.
There is a purpose behind the lockdown.
God wants us to use this time wisely, to slow down, and to learn patience,
like Noah, who went through a period of endurance training.
保羅寫道，我們
"3就是在患難中也是歡歡喜喜的；因為知道患難生忍耐，
4忍耐生老練，老練生盼望；"
(羅 5：3-4)
身處隔離狀態，需要我們去忍耐。
封城之前，我們的生活，包含到各地活動，不斷忙碌，生活快節奏，
沒有時間停下來，好好思考、反思和評估。
我們並沒有著重忍耐、培養老練，最後能形成盼望。
現在，雖然我們可能很渴望重返工作，
對我們開快車、吃快餐和快節奏生活，
聖經教導我們必須忍耐。
我們不可能很神奇地消除疼痛苦難：
忍耐、堅韌不拔、保持韌性，通過困難，終會穫得喜樂的獎賞。
這是很多人無法接受的情況。
這就是有些人一年後離職的原因，
因為他們不能堅持長期的方案，
而為何現在學校明確教導韌性的原因。
如果亞伯拉罕有這種態度，
他就會放棄神的應許
—畢竟，當時神應許他後裔的時候，他已經七十五歲了，
而他必須再等二十四年，才能實現這件事。
封城背後是有目的。
神希望我們明智利用這段時間，放慢腳步，學會耐心，
像挪亞一樣，他經歷了一段耐心訓練。
LEAVING LOCKDOWN 脫離封鎖
Finally, when the waters subsided, God allowed Noah to leave his lockdown,
but it was not as simple as opening the door and walking out.
Noah spent time observing and, again, waiting patiently for the right time to leave the ark.
First, he sent out a raven that did not return.
Then he sent out a dove, not once, but three times.
The first dove left and returned, as water still covered the earth and it had no place to land.
The second dove returned with an olive branch in its beak, signifying new life on earth.
Finally, the third dove left and did not return,
signaling just the right time for Noah and his family to step out of the ark.
最後洪水退去時，神允許挪亞離開封閉區，
但這並不是只有開門走出去，那麼簡單。
挪亞花時間觀察，再耐心等待合適的時間，才離開方舟。
首先，他放出了一隻烏鴉，而烏鴉飛出去後沒有回來。
然後他放出一隻鴿子，不是一次，而是三次。
第一隻鴿子飛出去又返回，因為水仍然覆蓋大地，它沒有地方可以著陸。
第二隻鴿子，嘴裡叼著橄欖枝回來了，象徵著地上的新生命。
最後，第三隻鴿子離開，沒有回來，
表示現在正是時機，挪亞和他的家人可以走出方舟。
After being confined with his family and the world’s greatest zoo for a year,
Noah must have been longing to leave.
Yet, he knew he had to observe, check for safety, and patiently wait on God’s explicit instruction:
“Go out of the ark, you and your wife, and your sons and your sons’ wives with you”
(Gen 8:16).
Noah did not willfully ignore the lockdown
(as some people have done, as reported by the news)
or decide for himself when would be the best time to leave.
He obeyed God and followed instructions.
在與家人，及世上最大的動物園，關了一年後，
挪亞一定很想離開。
然而，他知道必須觀察，檢查是否安全，並耐心等待神明確的指示：
“16你和你的妻子、兒子、兒婦都可以出方舟。”
（創 8:16）
挪亞沒有故意忽視隔離
（正如有一些人會這麼做，像新聞報導的那樣）
或者自己決定，什麼時候離開是最好的時間。
而他遵從神的吩咐。
Today, even though many countries have opened up,
it does not necessarily mean it is safe to return to business as usual.
We still need to observe, check for safety, and patiently wait on the Lord.
Some churches have started to worship with small numbers,
and other churches may be considering doing the same.
The key is to put it to prayer and ask the Lord when the best time would be to resume services.
It was God who told Noah when he should leave the ark,
and, likewise, it will be God who tells us when to leave our lockdown.
When that moment finally comes, we can be at peace, knowing God directs our movements.
今日，儘管許多國家已經開放，
這並不是意味可以安全恢復正常營業。
我們還需要觀察，檢查安全性，耐心等候主。
有些教會已經開始少數信徒聚會，
其他教會可能也考慮這樣做。
關鍵是，將這件事交託禱告，並尋問主，何時恢復聚會是最好的。
過去是神告訴挪亞，何時應該離開方舟，
同理，以後將是神告訴我們，何時離開隔離。
當那一刻終於到來時，我們可以平靜下來，因為知道神指引我們的行動。
When we do, finally, leave the lockdown,
we must follow in Noah’s footsteps and build an altar to praise and thank God:
當我們最終可以停止隔離的時候，
就必須跟隨挪亞的腳步，去建造一座祭壇讚美感謝神：
Then Noah built an altar to the LORD, and took of every clean animal and of every clean bird,
and offered burnt offerings on the altar.
And the LORD smelled a soothing aroma.
Then the LORD said in His heart,
“I will never again curse the ground for man’s sake,
although the imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth;
nor will I again destroy every living thing as I have done.”
(Gen 8:20–21)
20挪亞為耶和華築了一座壇，拿各類潔淨的牲畜、飛鳥獻在壇上為燔祭。
21耶和華聞那馨香之氣，就心裡說：
我不再因人的緣故咒詛地（人從小時心裡懷著惡念），
也不再按著我才行的滅各種的活物了。
(創 8：20-21)
The number of people who perished in the flood seems unimaginable.
There were only eight survivors.
The same applies when we think of the magnitude of COVID-19 cases and COVID-related deaths.
Noah knew to offer thanksgiving,
and we, too, should offer prayers of thanksgiving.
洪水喪生的人數，似乎難以估算。
但只有八名倖存者。
當我們思想到新冠疫情病例和與相關的死亡人數時，這原則同樣適用。
挪亞知道獻上感恩，
我們也應該獻上感恩的祈禱。
We have seen how our situation today parallels Noah’s.
Do not be angry or stressed over staying at home because this is saving your life.
We may feel as though we have been cut adrift,
as the floodwaters rise around us.
But only a heart at peace, steady in God’s hope, will keep us going.
Endure, hope, and be patient.
我們已經看見，自已今日的情況，與挪亞的情況何其相似。
不要因為呆在家里而生氣或感到壓力，因為這樣可以挽救您的生命。
我們可能會覺得，洪水圍繞我們水位上升時，
自己好像漂泊不定。
但只有一顆平靜的心，堅定相信神的盼望，才能讓我們繼續前進。
堅持下去、堅立盼望和保持耐心。
[1] Anthony Cuthbertson,
“Coronavirus tracked: How US deaths from Covid-10 compare to other great tragedies,”
Independent, June 3, 2020,
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/
coronavirus-us-death-toll-update-covid-19-vietnam-war-9-11-terror-attack-a9531146.html.
[1] Anthony Cuthbertson，
“追蹤新冠病毒：美國新冠病毒造成的死亡人數，與其他重大悲劇比較”
獨立報，2020 年 6 月 3 日，
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/
coronavirus-us-death-toll-update-covid-19-vietnam-war-9-11-terror-attack-a9531146.html.
[2] “More people have probably been killed by coronavirus than were killed during the Blitz,”
Full Fact, June 24, 2020,
https://fullfact.org/online/deaths-coronavirus-blitz/.
[2] “死于新冠病毒的人數，可能比閃電戰期間死亡的人數還多，”
完整事實媒體，2020 年 6 月 24 日，
https://fullfact.org/online/deaths-coronavirus-blitz/。
[3] Rick Jervis,
“ ‘It’s carnage’: Crematoriums run around the clock to meet demand from coronavirus,”
USA Today, April 20, 2020,
https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/04/20/
coronavirus-crematoriums-meet-demand-cemeteries/5148779002/.
[3] Rick Jervis，
“‘這是大屠殺’：火葬場夜以繼日地運行，以滿足新冠病毒的需求，”
今日美國，2020 年 4 月 20 日，
https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/04/20/
coronavirus-crematoriums-meet-demand-cemeteries/5148779002/.
[4] “Hospital bed designed for coronavirus transforms into coffin,”
CNN, accessed September 8, 2020,
https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2020/05/18/colombia-coffin-shortage-coronavirus-pkg-vpx.cnn.
[4]“設計新冠病毒的病床，可變成棺材”，
CNN，2020 年 9 月 8 日訪問，
https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2020/05/18/colombia-coffin-shortage-coronavirus-pkg-vpx.cnn。
小頁 markvmax@hotmail.com
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